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Identify Functional Groups – 8 Practice Questions for Students and Cumulative Test (Full Atom Version)

Identify Each Functional Group (FULL ATOMS VERSION):      Functional groups can trip up any student who isn't paying close attention. Many functional groups look similar at a glance, but each has their own unique characteristics. Below are some functional groups that are commonly confused:     1) Amine VS Amide :           Amine:   Contains an NH₂ group.           Amide: Contains an  NH₂ group and a double-bonded oxygen on the same carbon. 👉 What is the difference between the two? An amide has a double-bonded oxygen; an amine does not. 2) Aldehyde VS Ketone:            Aldehyde: Has a double-bonded oxygen and a hydrogen attached to the same carbon, usually found at the end of a carbon chain.            Ketone: Has a double-bonded oxygen to a carbon that is connected to two other carbons, usually found in the middle of a...
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Haloalkanes Made Simple: What They Are & How They Form


Introduction to HALOALKANES

This section simplifies haloalkanes in two parts:

    1) What are haloalkanes?

👉 Haloalkanes are an organic molecule made by combining halogens and alkanes.

        🔎 Halogen: A halogen is a reactive group of elements that include: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
        🔎 Alkane: An alkane is an organic molecule made only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, where all atoms are connected by single bonds (one pair of shared electrons per bond).

            ✵Alkanes look like this:

❗NOW, combine halogens and alkanes to create a haloalkane. 

            ✵Haloalkanes look like this:

    2) How are haloalkanes created?

👉 Here's a simplified, personified version:
        
            An alkane and halogen are added into the same test tube. 
            They meet, greet, and mingle with each another. 
            But soon enough, the halogen grows envious of the supply of electrons the alkane possesses.                   
            In an attempt to bond, the halogen tries to remove one of the hydrogens and take its place. 
            With a little help-- like light or heat-- the halogen succeeds, and a haloalkane is created.


    💡 NOTES for more advanced organic students: 
            1) Haloalkanes most commonly use chlorine or bromine atoms
                    --Why? [Coming soon]
            2) Halogen placements isn't random. 
                 Halogens tend to replace specific hydrogens depending on the type of alkane and conditions used.    
                    --Learn more: [Coming soon]


📌 This section is just about WHAT a haloalkane is.
👉 To learn WHY haloalkanes matter, click here: [Coming soon].
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