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Identify Functional Groups – 8 Practice Questions for Students and Cumulative Test (Full Atom Version)

Identify Each Functional Group (FULL ATOMS VERSION):      Functional groups can trip up any student who isn't paying close attention. Many functional groups look similar at a glance, but each has their own unique characteristics. Below are some functional groups that are commonly confused:     1) Amine VS Amide :           Amine:   Contains an NH₂ group.           Amide: Contains an  NH₂ group and a double-bonded oxygen on the same carbon. 👉 What is the difference between the two? An amide has a double-bonded oxygen; an amine does not. 2) Aldehyde VS Ketone:            Aldehyde: Has a double-bonded oxygen and a hydrogen attached to the same carbon, usually found at the end of a carbon chain.            Ketone: Has a double-bonded oxygen to a carbon that is connected to two other carbons, usually found in the middle of a...
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Quick Guide: Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry (Alcohols, Ketones, Aldehydes) with Examples


Quick Guide on Functional Groups

The RED areas in the images highlight the functional group. 

 


WHY do we need to know functional groups?

        Functional groups largely determine a molecule's chemical and physical properties. In other words, they help us predict how molecules behave.

   👉  Let's use a practical example:

    You boil the same amount of alcohol and water in separate pots, which one would boil away faster?
    Answer: Alcohol. Why? Alcohols typically have lower boiling points.

    👉Why is this useful?  Understanding functional group behaviors allows scientists to manipulate molecules based on how they behave. 

   👉 NOW, let's extend the practical example:

    Both water and alcohol are added to the same pot, and we want to separate both of the liquids from each other-- what is the solution? 
    Answer: Use the differences in boiling point to separate the mixture-- typically, though a lab technique called distillation.
    The steps:
        1) The alcohol boils first and escapes as gas into the atmosphere
        2) The alcohol vapor is collected and cooled back into a liquid in a separate container.
        3) The water stays behind in the original container.
            RESULT: The two liquids are successfully separated.
 
    While the examples focused on alcohols, the principle applies to all function groups. 
    Each one exhibits different behaviors -- whether it be different solubilities, reactivities, melting points, or boiling points.

Want to deep dive into functional group behaviors? [Link coming soon]




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